[www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of metabolic disorder whose characteristics are diarrhea, mucus pus, bloody stools, and abdominal pain [1].

studies have shown that excessive intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis, which is a cell death modality, plays a key pathogenic role [9,10]. The enhanced apoptosis of IEC disrupts epithelial barrier function [11], which might result in harmful substances in the intestines infiltrating into other tissues, organs, and the blood circulation [12], thereby increasing the risk of UC. Recent studies have reported that the inhibition of IEC apoptosis could improve dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)/tri-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC [13,14,15].

Apple polyphenols extract (APE), extracted from red Fuji apples, has been reported as having several health-promoting effects, including anti-inflammatory [26], anti-oxidative [26], and anti-tumor effects [27].

In addition, psychological symptoms, particularly depression and anxiety, are prevalent in patients with UC, which may further affect patient quality of life [47]. Addolorato et al. [48], found that the percentage of subjects with depression or state anxiety was significantly higher in UC groups (50.0% and 63.9%, respectively) than in control subjects (11.1% and 22.2%, respectively). The specific causes of UC-associated psychological symptoms have not been fully clarified, but they might be partly explained by gut inflammation that triggers neuroinflammation, thereby causing brain disorders [48,49]. As reported, the gut inflammation caused by DSS might impact brain function through the gut–brain axis.

Our results illustrated that APE administration could increase the expression of tight junction proteins, indicating that APE may be an effective natural agent for the prevention of acute UC.

we found that APE could improve acute UC-related neuroinflammation and synapse damage (Figure 9). Therefore, APE may be a safe and effective agent for UC management.

Good, just eat more apples. I've been planting apple trees of a number of varieties. I keep picking away at clearing more hillside land and planting more trees as I can spend time on it. Using compost and natural minerals. Been out mowing fields with flail chopper, making piles of chopped grass to compost.