1 Bacteria existed before any animal appeared on earth.

2 You have thousands of bacteria in every cell (called mitochondria), and also in the GI track.

3 Without bacteria no complex life is possible (no energy).

4 Therefore, all human intellectual works are only possible because of bacteria (the brain uses mitochondria to produce energy).

5 Bacteria have their own DNA (even mitochondria inside your cells).

6 The temperature of the body is the ideal bacteria temperature.

7 Human milk has olygosaccharides to feed bacteria only.

8 Your body allows bacteria to move and reproduce.

9 Bacteria have the power to cure or kill.

10 If you eat the wrong food you bring bad bacteria and potential disease.

11 Bacteria in the GI track can control your mood, happiness and health.

12 The preferred foods for good bacteria are raw polyphenols (apple peels, raspberries, etc)



Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 10/24/2022 09:49PM by Panchito.

[www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Life on earth has existed for around 4 billion years (Dodd et al., 2017). For the first 2 billion, all creatures alive were single cells with no nucleus (Dacks et al., 2016). Then—according to a leading theory (Martin & Müller, 1998; Martin, Neukirchen, Zimorski, Gould, & Sousa, 2016)—certain bacteria invaded certain archaea, members of a separate domain of microbes. At the time, these archaea lived around volcanic ridges on the ocean floor and fed on carbon dioxide and on hydrogen from submarine hydrothermal vents. The bacteria lived in the vicinity, fed on organic compounds, and discharged as waste products precisely the carbon dioxide and hydrogen that the archaea made use of. Microbes do sometimes break into one another and the result is rarely a happy marriage. After tolerating the bacteria for a while, however, the invaded archaea evolved to take advantage of them and ended up integrating them for good. In the process, the bacteria became mitochondria

Prokaryotes are sexless and reproduce by making copies of themselves. Occasionally, they exchange chunks of genetic material with one another (Hanage, 2016) and hand down the resulting mix to the next generation via cloning. Eukaryotes, on the other hand—including virtually all of those that can clone themselves—reproduce sexually at least some of the time (Speijer, 2016).

Sexual reproduction involves passing on not only genes but also all the rest of the fertilized egg, including live mitochondria.

Human mitochondrial DNA, unlike nuclear DNA, is passed on only from mothers (Pyle et al., 2015). So, any mutations in mitochondrial DNA are weeded out of the gene pool only if they harm women and not if they harm men

From digested food, mitochondria produce both adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—a chemical that cells use as fuel—and heat, which can be spent to maintain body temperature.

mitochondrial DNA associated with reduced male fertility has been found to be more common in men who live in colder climates than in those who live in warmer ones (Ruiz-Pesini et al., 2000)

Unlike a cell’s nucleus that has just one set of DNA, each mitochondrion can carry several (e.g., Cavelier, Johannisson, & Gyllensten, 2000)—meaning up to hundreds or thousands of copies per cell. Each set is used in the production of the same proteins. Should one set no longer function properly, due for example to accumulation of mutations, another can compensate

[NOTE: MITOCHONDRIA EAT ALL THE FOOD YOU EAT. MITOCHONDRIA BREATH ALL THE OXYGEN YOU BREATHE]

To produce ATP, mitochondria burn down digested food with the help of the oxygen we inhale.

Sperm cells, whose only life plan is to win a swimming race, are forced instead to get as much mileage as possible out of their own mitochondria

To prevent as much as possible the damage (technically, oxidation) brought forth by free radicals, our mitochondria either manufacture antioxidants or use those we consume with our meals (Fraunberger, Scola, Laliberté, Duong, & Andreazza, 2016). Yet not all free radicals can be neutralized, and making the best of a bad predicament the body manages to put the remaining ones to good use. For example, activation of our immune system typically causes an increase in free radicals and vice versa (López-Armada, Riveiro-Naveira, Vaamonde-García, & Valcárcel-Ares, 2013)

[NOTE: THE HUMAN BRAIN IS THE ORGAN WITH MOST MITOCHONDRIA OF ANY ANIMAL. IT IS BASED ON MITOCHONDRIA]

A place where mitochondrial trouble occurs frequently is the brain. Although its mass is a mere 2% of the body’s total, the human adult brain uses up to 25% of the body energy (Herculano-Houzel, 2012). By comparison, it is only 13% in other primates and 2% to 8% in the vast majority of vertebrates (Mink, Blumenschine, & Adams, 1981). A resting cortical neuron turns out to consume 4.7 billion ATP molecules per second; a resting human brain goes through nearly 6 kilograms of them per day (Zhu et al., 2012).

As people age, their blood flow diminishes and the brain gets progressively less blood and thus less glucose and oxygen for mitochondria to make ATP with. Eventually (as argued in de la Torre, 2002), brain mitochondria no longer meet the normal energy demand and neurons degenerate, leading to dementia

Whatever the price, the nervous system cannot possibly function without mitochondria (Markham, Bains, Franklin, & Spedding, 2014; Mattson et al., 2008). Neurons relay information by firing and mitochondria provide the energy for this.

When somewhere in the neuron ATP runs low or calcium gets in, approaching mitochondria are disengaged from the transport system so that they can do their job at that particular site (Sheng & Cai, 2012). However, an inordinate accumulation of calcium in mitochondria causes them to kill both their host neuron and themselves—which can happen when firing is excessive, as in epileptic seizures (Delorenzo, Sun, & Deshpande, 2005).

By age 60, up to 90% of the population in most countries is infected with the cold sore virus; in individuals with both a genetic predisposition and a weak immune system, its presence has been linked to neurodegeneration (Caggiu et al., 2016; Itzhaki, 2016) and schizophrenia (Carter, 2009).

At this point, one must expect mitochondria to be entangled in about every possible mental process—especially those that require a great deal of firing.

ATP and its derivatives are not the only signaling molecules that mitochondria produce. Mostly in the ovaries, testes, and adrenal gland, they derive the precursor of steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone by partially burning down cholesterol (Rossier, 2006).

Female mammals have two X-chromosomes, and if one is defective the other can (at least partially) compensate for it. Males, however, have only one X-chromosome and if this is defective they are stuck with it. If one directly knocks out the MAOA gene during development, as has been done in mice, MAO-A is no longer produced, serotonin and noradrenalin levels in the brain rise, and aggressiveness goes up (Buckholtz & Meyer-Lindenberg, 2008).

Given the multiple first-rate jobs that mitochondria do in the nervous system, it is hardly accidental that their malfunctioning has been associated with virtually every mental or neurological affliction on earth, including chronic psychological stress and fatigue, cognitive deficits, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, multiple sclerosis, and Down syndrome (Arbuzova, Hutchin, & Cuckle, 2002; Burroughs & French, 2007; Jeanneteau & Arango-Lievano, 2016; Kaplan, Rucklidge, Romijn, & McLeod, 2015; Manji et al., 2012; Morris & Berk, 2015; Toker & Agam, 2015; Valenti, de Bari, De Filippis, Henrion-Caude, & Vacca, 2014).

It raises a red flag when patients with a mental problem also complain of a variety of physical issues, most notably constant fatigue, or when they respond to psychotropic drugs by getting worse (Anglin, Rosebush, & Mazurek, 2012).

As soon as we fall asleep, our brain cells shrink in size (Xie et al., 2013). This move—possibly a side effect of reduced firing activity—expands the space between cells by more than 60%. Throughout the brain, the extra space strikingly increases the perpetual flow of cerebrospinal fluid that flushes waste products out into the bloodstream, for eventual detoxification in the liver.

During sleep, the body and brain continue to spend energy, but the usual source of that energy, glucose, is gradually depleted and not replenished. The same happens during prolonged exercise. Mitochondria must switch to burning something else, and on that account the liver breaks down stored fat into molecules called ketone bodies.

The so-called ketogenic diet contains a good deal of fat and some protein but very little carbohydrate; the unavailability of glucose (which chiefly comes from carbohydrate but can also be created from protein) massively raises the levels of ketone bodies in the blood. The diet has a long history of success in treating epilepsy in children—even when they do not respond to drugs—with benefits that in most cases appear to linger after its discontinuation (Martinez, Pyzik, & Kossoff, 2007). A multitude of other neurological and nonneurological conditions have been reported to get better with a ketogenic diet, including autism (Castro et al., 2015), Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke (Barañano & Hartman, 2008; Gano et al., 2014).

Food can be scarce, and we may not have evolved a great desire to restrict our diets. Whether or not we manage to eat less, however, and more important, we can feed our mitochondria those vitamins, minerals, enzymes, cofactors, polyphenols, and other nutrients they need to do their job (Liu & Ames, 2005; Parikh et al., 2009). In combinations and concentrations that, unlike in supplements (Villanueva & Kross, 2012), tend to be harmless, some or other of these crucial substances can be found in unprocessed natural foods.

Vitamin D, a hormone that forms rapidly in the unprotected skin during sunbathing, should be high on the list too. In people with low levels of vitamin D in the blood, vitamin D supplements make mitochondria work better, possibly by regulating the entry of calcium in them (Sinha, Hollingsworth, Ball, & Cheetham, 2013). Adoption of a lifestyle designed to help mitochondrial function, pivoting on an outstandingly nutrient-rich diet, has been reported to have gotten a physician with progressive multiple sclerosis out of her wheelchair (Wahls, 2011).

Properly feeding one’s mitochondria could even improve one’s social rank—as suggested by a study on rats. In rats, just like in humans, motivation and social competition are regulated by the nucleus accumbens, a brain structure whose malfunctioning contributes to depression and anxiety (Bewernick et al., 2010; Chen, Rada, Bützler, Leibowitz, & Hoebel, 2012; Levita, Hoskin, & Champi, 2012).

We tend to think of ourselves as human beings and human beings only: Yet 38 trillion microbes (Sender, Fuchs, & Milo, 2016), distributed into at least 2,172 known species (Hugon et al., 2015), populate each of us in places as supremely personal as our mouth, armpits, gut, genitals—and brain (Branton et al., 2013).

mitochondria make our mental health—besides furnishing the energy for the brain to function at all, they enable synaptic plasticity, produce hormones and signaling molecules, dish neurotransmitters out and rein neurotransmitters in. On the other, they also break it

I appreciate your information, Panchito! Are you a researcher, nutritionist, student or something like that?



Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 10/29/2022 10:45PM by Jennifer.

Not really. If anything I am a student that learns from reading and trying. All those teachers that new everything and taught others did not do great at the end because it is too complicated. It is easy to get fixed on ideas. Best thing is to try things and see for your self and learn from that. You have to try. Those that do not try, eventually become the preferred customers of the establishment. The establishment loves them and don't like people that learn. They don't like when others don't believe. So they create university programs and give licenses to get them inside their own creation. So yeah, they like it if people learn what they want them to learn. But they are ideas made up to make things fixed to favor the establishment.



Edited 2 time(s). Last edit at 10/30/2022 12:18AM by Panchito.

It is easy to get fixed on ideas. Best thing is to try things and see for your self and learn from that. You have to try.

No kidding!